I'm currently writing (er, researching in order to write) an essay on this sarcophagus (click for larger picture):

It's cool, right? It's from the 4th century A.D. and can currently be found in the Vatican collection of sarcophagi and whatever (yes, that is its official name). My job is to determine why the images on it are on it, basically. Here's what I've determined so far, with the help of stuff I learned in class, books, and the
website where the actual image came from.
First of all, this is the front of the sarcophagus. Sarcophagi have three exposed sides and a top (the lid part). The front side was the longest and was the side typically decorated. The two smaller sides could be decorated too, but typically not as elaborately as the front.
Secondly, this sarcophagus is fucking fancy. Earlier and less elaborate sarcophagi included just a few scenes from the Old and New Testament along with a likeness of the dead person. This sarcophagus has a shitload of scenes in it, mostly from the New Testament, with two scenes from the Apocrypha. There's also a portrait of the dead people in the center of the top row (within the circle). My initial impression was that the couple portrayed was a husband and wife. The dude on the right is obviously a dude, and a learned dude because he's holding a scroll (the ancients loved being learned). Then I assume the person on his left, who is kind of feeling him up a little bit, is his wife. However, I have seen a sarcophagus with a depiction of a couple in which the two people were brothers. So I guess they could be brothers, because the person on the left is kind of dudely, or ambiguously dudely, I guess. But I'm guessing it's a woman. I have to ask my professor about it. I also have to ask my professor what that hand gesture means. There are a lot of images of Jesus making that hand gesture in later artwork, I think. My best guess at the moment is that it means, "I'm a dude."
More stuff: this is a double register sarcophagus, which means there are two levels on it. Two levels!! This thing was fucking expensive to make. I guarantee it.
On the first level, going from left to right, you can see God making Adam and Eve. Adam is the little dude on the ground. He's asleep because God just took out his rib to make Eve, who is the other little person. You'll notice there are three Gods, also. The website states that this is the "earliest known depiction of this non-scriptural concept" - that is, the trinity. The central God is seated, and I take it he is the main God. He's instructing another God on how to make Eve, I think. Early Christians were always debating over how to reconcile the concept of the trinity with the concept of one God, and Christ's divinity with the fact that Christ was human, and the fact that the God of the Old Testament is kind of angry and bitchy compared to the laid-back, forgiving God of the New Testament. Some believed that God had actually created the universe using a helper, or that there were like, mini Gods and the true God wasn't revealed until Christ came, or whatever. It made sense to them.
In any case, the next scene shows Adam and Eve with the serpent (right, holding the forbidden fruit), and Jesus. Anachronistic much? Except it's not, because if Jesus = God then he's always been around. The juxtaposition of Jesus and Adam, furthermore, might function to indicate Jesus's role as the "New Adam." Adam is created by God and with the help of Eve, fucks everything up. Jesus is created by God to save humanity from the original sin of Adam and Eve, and their other sins, which do
not include sleeping with your father; that's totally legit if you think you're the last people on Earth.
Moving on: there's Jesus turning water into wine (a scene not depicted on sarcophagi until the late 3rd/early 4th century),and Jesus multiplying the loaves and fishes. The website says that the next image shows the resurrection of Lazarus but frankly, I don't see it, unless the woman at Jesus's feet is supposed to be Mary, the sister of Lazarus ... To me it looks like she's the woman with the hemorrhage problem who totally feels Jesus up without his permission, but it's okay.
Moving on to the bottom row: Jesus, Mary, Joseph, and the adoration of the Magi (or wise men, whatever). The website points out the juxtaposition of the three Magi with the three Gods just above. Cool. Moving right, Jesus heals a blind boy, and then ... Daniel in the lions' den! Old Testament out of nowhere, WTF! Except it makes total sense if you get it.
Next, Peter denies Christ (you can tell he's denying Christ because he's got this look on his face that's all like, "Jesus? Hmmm .... Jesus. Uh ... no, I don't think I know him. Wait! No, I definitely don't know him." Also, there's a chicken). Then, Peter goes off to jail, and then draws water out of a stone and baptizes his jailers. This is important because Peter is Jesus 2.0. The end.
Obviously, there's a lot more to explain, but that's what the essay is for. I thought I'd give you a preview, though. What do you think?